"DID You SEE WHAT HAPPENED?" ESTABLISHING YOUR WITNESS'S Vantage point
By Elliott
Wilcox
"I saw the
defendant
sitting at the
table.
Suddenly, he
reached over to
the next table,
grabbed the salt
shaker, and
threw it at the
stage. The
shaker hit the
lead singer in
the left eye,
who screamed and
fell off the
stage, holding
his eye."
If you were trying to prove that the defendant had hit your client with a salt shaker, would this be enough proof? Or would the jury have some doubts about the testimony? If this were the only testimony the jury heard, consider the questions they might have about the testimony:
And that's before he's even cross-examined! Why do they have so many questions? Because you didn't take the time to establish the witness's vantage point - his ability to see, hear, or know the things about which he testified. Consider a situation where a single event would generate thousands of vantage points: It's the playoffs and you're watching your favorite football team. If they win this game, you're going to the Super Bowl. Your team is trailing by five points, there are two seconds left, and this is the final play of the game. After hiking the ball, the quarterback dodges a tackler. He scrambles, hoping to find an open receiver. Looking downfield, he lets loose and throws a 60 yard bomb. Your star receiver breaks free into the end zone and leaps higher than he's ever leaped before. Reaching out while in flight, he makes a perfect, one-handed catch! But then, you see the referee. He's waving his arms and signaling that the receiver caught the ball out of bounds. The game is over - your arch rivals have won, and they're going to the Super Bowl. You and 65,000 other fans in the stadium erupt with rage. "You're blind, you rotten ref!" is the nicest comment you hear. But a moment later, watching the replay on the Jumbo-Tron, you see the receiver's left foot land on the white stripe. The referee was right - the receiver was out of bounds when he came down with the ball. Unfortunately, in trial, we never get the benefits of an instant replay. To best tell our witness's story, we need to show why they have the ability to see, hear, or know the things they're testifying about. If you were telling this same story to the jury, you wouldn't start by having the referee describe what he saw to the jury. You'd start by showing that the referee was in the best position and had the best ability to see what happened. Here are some of the things you'd want to establish before he told the jury about the catch:
By highlighting his ability to observe before asking him what he saw, the jury can place greater weight on his testimony. In your case, consider the strength of your witness's vantage point. Does the witness have any special skills that helped them view, remember, or interpret the event? Does the witness have any special training, perceptive skills, knowledge, experience, or unique skills that allow them to see these events better than the ordinary person? If so, teach the jury about those skills before you ask him what he saw. WANT TO USE THIS ARTICLE IN YOUR EZINE, WEBSITE, OR BAR ASSOCIATION PUBLICATION? You can, as long as you include the following blurb with it: Elliott Wilcox publishes Trial Tips Newsletter, a free weekly e-zine for trial lawyers that reveals simple, effective, and persuasive techniques to help you win more trials, guaranteed. Sign up today for your free special report: “How to Become the Best Trial Lawyer in Your Courthouse – The Top Ten Tips for Trial Lawyers,” at www.TrialTheater.com © 2006 - 2008 by Trial Theater, LLC
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